Inverse Modeling of GPS Multipath for Snow Depth Estimation - Part II: Application and Validation

Inverse Modeling of GPS Multipath for Snow Depth Estimation - Part I: Formulation and Simulations

Snowpacks provide reservoirs of freshwater. The amount stored and how fast it is released by melting are vital information for both scientists and water supply managers. GPS multipath reflectometry (GPS-MR) is a new technique that can be used to measure snow depth. Signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) data collected by GPS inst uments exhibit peaks and troughs as coherent direct and reflected signals go ...

Forward and Inverse Modeling of GPS Multipath for Snow Monitoring by

Snow depth sensing using the GPS L2C signal with a dipole antenna

Prior research has shown that the currently deployed geodetic global positioning system (GPS) stations can be used to measure snow depth in an area around the antenna installation via GPS interferometric reflectometry (GPS-IR). Although such a technique provides the advantages of large spatial coverage and high temporal measurement sampling, there are also drawbacks in using geodetic equipment ...

GPS Snow Depth Meter with Geometry-free Linear Combinations of Carrier Phases

Multipath in Global Positioning System (GPS) is the interference of the microwave signals directly from satellites and those reflected before reaching the antenna, typically by the ground. Because reflected signals cause positioning errors, GPS antennas are designed to reduce such interference. Recent studies show that multipath could be utilized to infer the properties of the ground around the...

Can we measure snow depth with GPS receivers?

[1] Snow is an important component of the climate system and a critical storage component in the hydrologic cycle. However, in situ observations of snow distribution are sparse, and remotely sensed products are imprecise and only available at a coarse spatial scale. GPS geodesists have long recognized that snow can affect a GPS signal, but it has not been shown that a GPS receiver placed in a s...